In pairs consider the following question:

Evaluate the challenges to Ottoman power during the first half of the 19th century.

You will need to consider:

• Nationalism in the Balkans - the Serbian Revolution
• The impact of the Greek Civil War
• Growing interest of European powers in the Balkans (the Eastern question)
• The rise of Muhammad Ali 

Re-visit your discussions from the final task on this page: 1. Challenges to Ottoman Power in the early 19th Century and complete the grid below to help you with your discussions. You need to 'evaluate' the challenges which means discussing the extent to which these challenges represented a real threat to the empire.

Using your discussion above also consider this question:

To what extent were the actions of the major powers were the most significant factor in Greece gaining independence in 1831?

To what extent did the Tanzimat reforms modernise the Ottoman Empire?

You will need the information and any work that you did on Tasks from this page: 3. Impact of Tanzimat reforms 

Work in groups to consider the following areas before you start planning:

• Examples of reforms
• Successes
• Problems
• Historians perspectives

Evaluate the impact of the First World War on the Ottoman Empire.

Review these two pages: 7. Ottoman Empire and First World War and 8. The impact of the First World War up to 1923 

If you have not done so yet, complete the mind map below. You will need to consider:

• Impact of the Treaty of Sevres and Lausanne - collapse of Empire and territorial losses
• The impact of the War of Independence in changing not only the final Treaty but establishing the position of Atatürk, a secular state and a Turkish national identity
• The physical impact of the war in terms of casualties, destruction and migration